How to Start and Stop Oracle Database?

Let me start with discussion of how to start and stop Oracle Database, discussing about 11g database here.

Start Database: There are number of ways to start database as per operations to be performed on database.

Normal Database start can be done by:
 Login to sqlplus using sysdba user and do startup of database.

Excample:
oracle:myhost>sqlplus "/as sysdba"

SQL> startup;


Stop Database:

Example:
oracle:myhost>sqlplus "/as sysdba"

SQL> shutdown immediate;

Other options with shutdown are:

shutdown abort;

or simply

shutdown;

Will discuss in detail about parameter files used in next article.

Note for opening/closing database, database can be open/close once in life time of that database.